In this study, boron-doped copper oxide (CuO:B) nanocomposites were synthesized via a green method using Aronia melanocarpa fruit extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biosynthesized CuO:B nanocomposites were further evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. XRD analysis confirmed a monoclinic crystal structure, indicating that boron doping did not alter the CuO phase. SEM images revealed a uniform distribution of nearly spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 15 to 67 nm. FTIR spectra exhibited a characteristic Cu-O vibration band at 478 cm⁻¹. The nanocomposites demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Escherichia coli), along with notable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 210 µg/mL). Anticancer assays revealed that CuO:B nanocomposites induced early apoptosis in A549 cancer cells (92.45%) with an IC₅₀ value of 30.57 µg/mL. These findings suggest that CuO:B nanocomposites synthesized from A. melanocarpa exhibit significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, indicating their potential as therapeutic candidates for biomedical applications supported by further studies such as in vitro and in vivo studies.

Keywords: Aronia melanocarpa, Boron-doped copper oxide, Antimicrobial activities, Antioxidant activities, Anticancer activities.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the ÜSKİM Research Center, Kahramanmaraş Sütcü Imam University.

The authors declare no competing interests.

This work was supported by a grant from the Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Scientific Research Projects Unit, Project Number: 125/5-25 M.