This study established a resource utilization technology system for the blast furnace slag resource recovery (BFS). Using manganese-bearing blast furnace slag (MBFS) from Baotou Bayan Obo ore as the primary raw material, glass-ceramics were successfully prepared through the introduction of Cr₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ composite nucleating agents. The research systematically elucidates the occurrence patterns and immobilization mechanisms of polymetallic elements (Cr, Mn, Pb) in glass-ceramics, providing theoretical support for high-value utilization of metallurgical solid waste. Experimental results demonstrated that the glass-ceramics exhibit a characteristic multi-phase composite structure: the augite phase as the primary crystalline phase grows attached to spinel, while the wollastonite phase interweaves with residual glass matrix. Heavy metal distribution analysis revealed that Cr and Mn were predominantly distributed within the spinel phase, whereas Pb showed enrichment in augite, wollastonite, and glass phases. Notably, elevated PbO content tends to induce localized lead-ion enrichment zones within the glass phase. The glass-ceramics achieved effective immobilization of multiple heavy metals through mechanisms such as “chemical fixation” and “physical encapsulation”, as confirmed by heavy metal leaching tests and corrosion experiments.

Keywords: Manganese bearing blast furnace slag, Glass-ceramics, Heavy metals, Solidification mechanism.