Articles
  • Comparative study of incoloy 825 mechanical properties and microstructure via FSW with and without carbon nanotubes

  • Varalakshmi Penugondaa,b, Murali Govindarajana,* and Vijaya Kumar Bongaralab

  • aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
    bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501506, India

  • This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical properties and microstructure of Incoloy 825 alloy joints made using friction stir welding (FSW), with and without carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement. FSW was performed at different tool rotation speeds (300-500 rpm) and welding speeds (20-100 mm/min). The best results were achieved at 400 rpm and 30 mm/min. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that CNTs were evenly spread in the stir zone without forming clusters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that there were no major changes in the alloy's phases, keeping its original structure intact. Adding CNTs improved the tensile strength and hardness of the joints by creating finer grains through dynamic recrystallization. The CNT-reinforced joints showed better mechanical properties due to effective load transfer and grain refinement. This study shows that adding CNTs during FSW is a useful way to improve the mechanical properties of Incoloy 825 joints, making them suitable for advanced engineering applications.


Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Incoloy 825 alloy, Friction stir welding, Reinforcement strategy.

This Article

  • 2025; 26(3): 492-501

    Published on Jun 30, 2025

  • 10.36410/jcpr.2025.26.3.492
  • Received on Mar 31, 2025
  • Revised on May 10, 2025
  • Accepted on May 26, 2025

Correspondence to

  • Murali Govindarajan

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
    Tel : +91-863-239-9999 Fax: +91-863-238-8999

  • E-mail: muralinitt@gmail.com